Which of the following is NOT a typical neurobehavioral change observed after moderate to severe TBI?

• A. Hypertension
• B. Aggression
• C. Apathy
• D. Disinhibition

Answer: (A)

Neurobehavioral changes after moderate to severe TBI come from disruption of frontal-subcortical networks that control behavior, emotion, and motivation. Aggression and disinhibition appear when impulse control and social judgment are impaired, while apathy reflects diminished initiation and emotional responsiveness due to this same frontal network dysfunction. Hypertension, on the other hand, is a medical/physiological issue rather than a behavioral change, even though blood pressure can be affected in the acute period. So hypertension is not a typical neurobehavioral change after TBI, whereas aggression, apathy, and disinhibition are.