How does the ANS affect TBI recovery?

• A. Improves prognosis
• B. Has no effect
• C. Can become overactive -> inc medical complexity
• D. Reduces risk of complications

Answer: (C)

Autonomic nervous system dysfunction is common after moderate to severe TBI and can drive secondary brain injury when it becomes overactive. This sympathetic surge raises heart rate and blood pressure, increases metabolic demand, and can cause fever, diaphoresis, and agitation. It also disrupts cerebral perfusion and can lead to cardiac arrythmias and multi-organ stress, which makes management more complex and often prolongs ICU care. Because of these effects, the ANS being overactive tends to complicate recovery rather than improve prognosis, be neutral, or reduce complications.